国家
統治階級實行階級壓迫和實施統治的組織。 古代諸侯的封地稱國， 大夫的封地稱家。 也以國家為國的通稱。
指具備領土、人民、主權和政府四個要素的政治團體，是共享語言、文化、社會與歷史的共同體。
在一定的历史阶段中由固定的土地和人民组成、有一个进行管理的组织的共同实体。
政府
唐宋時稱宰相處理政務的地方。現為國家統治機關的總稱，為近代國家構成要素之一。凡具有制定法律及執行法律之權力的政治組織，稱為「政府」。
唐 宋 時稱宰相治理政務的處所為政府。 後泛指國家權力的執行機關， 即國家行政機關。
国家行政机关。一般分中央政府和地方政府。政府的组织形式和名称各国有所不同。我国的中央人民政府叫国务院。
Country
a political state or nation : the territory of a usually independent nation that is distinct as to name and the characteristics or attributes of its people
The territory of a nation; a region constituting an independent state, or a region, province, etc., which was once independent and is still distinct in institutions, language, etc.
State
Any one of a number of political units which together make up a nation having a supreme federal government, such as that of the United States of America, the Commonwealth of Australia, etc.; (also) the territory occupied by such a unit. Frequently with capital initial.
a body of people permanently occupying a definite territory and politically organized under a sovereign government almost entirely free from external control and possessing coercive power to maintain order within the community
Nation
a community of people composed of one or more nationalities and possessing a more or less defined territory and government
a territorial division containing a body of people of one or more nationalities and usually characterized by relatively large size and independent status
A large aggregate of communities and individuals united by factors such as common descent, language, culture, history, or occupation of the same territory, so as to form a distinct people. Now also: such a people forming a political state; a political state.
Govern carries the idea of authoritative administration or some exercise of authority that is at once effective and continuous
. Govern implies the exercise of knowledge and judgment as well as power. To rule is more absolute and autocratic than to govern