2024-05-18 13:12
中国如何在人工智能竞赛中脱颖而出？
Why couldn’t someone in China come up with ChatGPT or Sora? What does China need to do to promote AI innovation?
- 推动创新 promote innovation
- 为什么ChatGPT、Sora没有出现在中国？中国需要怎么做来推动AI创新？
In terms of foundation models, US-based companies like OpenAI have indeed taken a lead.
- in terms of ˈsth | in … terms used to show what aspect of a subject you are talking about or how you are thinking about it 谈及；就 … 而言；在 … 方
- 处于领先地位 take a lead
- 在基础大模型方面，OpenAI等美国公司的确走到了领先位置。
ChatGPT and Sora are significant not only for what they can currently accomplish but also because they reflect the technological prowess of these US-based enterprises in advancing AI. Furthermore, they foreshadow the boundless potential of future developments and applications in AI.
- prowess n. skill or expertise in a particular activity or field（某活动或领域的）杰出才能, 高超本领
- advance v. [I, T] if knowledge, technology, etc. advances, it develops and improves （知识、技术等）发展，进步
- foreshadow v. ~ sth (formal) to be a sign of sth that will happen in the future 预示；是 … 的预兆
- 无限的可能 boundless potential
- ChatGPT和Sora的重要性，不只在于它们当前能够做到的事情，更反映了这些美国企业在发展人工智能方面的技术水平，也预示着未来人工智能发展和应用的无限可能。
The development of AI, particularly large-scale models, relies on three key factors: computing power, algorithms, and data. Computing power is closely related to chip technology, algorithms depend on foundational capabilities, and data is tied to language and user markets. Behind these key factors lie the issues of talent, massive investment and innovation ecosystems.
- (AI)大模型 large-scale models
- reˈly on/upon sb/sth to need or depend on sb/sth 取决于；依赖；依靠
- computing power 算力 The ability to undertake or be used for computation; computing resources; specifically the ability of a computer to perform work, often considered in terms of the number of instructions that can be carried out in a given time, or with reference to the amount of random access memory present.
- algorithm n. (computing 计)a set of rules that must be followed when solving a particular problem 算法；计算程序
- chip n. 芯片 芯片（chip）在电子学中是一种把电路（主要包括半导体设备，也包括被动组件等）小型化的方式，并时常制造在半导体晶圆表面上。
- 芯片技术 chip technology
- tie v. [T, usually passive] ~ sb/sth (to sth/sb) to connect or link sb/sth closely with sb/sth else 连接；联合；使紧密结合
- be tied to 与某事/物有关
- 人才 talent
- 人工智能、特别是大模型的发展，取决于算力、算法和数据这三个关键要素。算力与芯片相关，算法与基础能力有关，数据则与语言和用户市场有关。这三个关键要素背后又是人才、巨量资金投入和创新生态问题。
Put simply, the US holds advantages over other countries in these aspects.
- put v. ~ sth adv./prep. to express or state sth in a particular way 说；表达
- put simply/simply put used for saying that you are just giving the basic facts about a complicated situation 简单地说
- over prep. [better]used to say that someone or something is more successful or better than someone or something else
- 简单地说，在这几个方面美国都具有领先于其他国家的优势。
In terms of foundational large-scale models, Chinese companies are slightly lagging behind the US. This is due to insufficient computing power, as well as shortage of high-level talent and insufficient investment.
- lag behind fail to catch up with 落后
- 在基础大模型方面，中国公司略微落后于美国，这背后有算力不足的原因，也有高水平人才短缺和投入不足的问题。
However, overall, both China and the US are among the leading countries in the development of AI, be it in terms of number of publications, patent applications, venture capital investment, or the research and development of large-scale models.
- be it… or… 这个表达在英语中通常用作插入语，表示无论怎样、不管如何的意思。在翻译成中文时，可以根据上下文翻译为“无论”，“不管”，“无论是……还是……”等形式，确保传达出原句的不确定性或包容性
- venture capital investment 风险投资
- research and development [U] (abbr. R & D)(in industry, etc.) work that tries to find new products and processes or to improve existing ones 研究和开发
- 但总的来说，无论是论文发表、专利申请、风险投资的数量，还是大模型的研发，中美都是人工智能发展明显领先的两个主要国家。
To catch up in the AI race, China must focus on the following three areas:
- 迎头赶上… catch up in the … race
- 中国要想迎头赶上，必须解决以下三个问题：
First, tackling the deficiency in computing power, especially in high-performance AI chip technology.
- deficiency n. [C] ~ (in/of sth) a fault or a weakness in sth/sb that makes it or them less successful 缺点；缺陷
- high-performance adj. [only before noun]that can go very fast or do complicated things 高速的；高性能的；功能复杂的
- 一是算力短板，特别是高性能人工智能芯片问题；
Second, addressing the shortfall in algorithms, fundamentally by nurturing top-tier talent in basic research.
- shortfall n. ~ (in sth) if there is a shortfall in sth, there is less of it than you need or expect 缺口；差额；亏空
- nurture v. care for and encourage the growth or development of 养育, 培养
- top-tier adj. of the highest level or quality 水平最高的; 质量最好的
- 二是算法短板，根本上是高水平基础研究人才的培养问题
Third, fostering a robust commercial ecosystem, which involves leveraging China’s vast market demand advantage to explore commercially viable application scenarios, swiftly realizing profitability, and imperatively developing and reinvesting in basic model research through application, thereby creating a positive feedback loop for AI development.
- foster v. to help a skill, feeling, idea etc develop over a period of time 培养，促进，助长
- robust adj. (of a system or an organization ) strong and not likely to fail or become weak 强劲的；富有活力的
- leverage v. ~ sth (business 商) to get as much advantage or profit as possible from sth that you have 充分利用
- viable adj. that can be done; that will be successful 可实施的；切实可行的
- profitability n. 盈利
- imperative adj. [not usually before noun] (formal) very important and needing immediate attention or action 重要紧急的；迫切的；急需处理的
- reinvest v. [T, I] ~ (sth) to put profits that have been made on an investment back into the same investment or into a new one 再投资；把（利润）用于再投资
- loop n. a structure, series, or process the end of which is connected to the beginning环状结构（或系列）; 循环过程。
- positive feedback loop 正反馈机制
- 三是商业生态营造，即如何充分利用中国巨大的市场需求优势，探索能够商业落地的应用场景，尽快实现商业营利，并在应用中快速迭代发展和反哺基础模型研发,形成人工智能发展的正反馈机制。
中国滥用人工智能技术侵犯个人隐私？
Some accuse China of abusing AI technology and infringing on personal privacy. Is the accusation valid?
- infringe v. [T, I] to limit sb’s legal rights 侵犯，侵害（合法权益）
- 侵犯个人隐私 infringe on personal privacy
- valid adj. based on what is logical or true 符合逻辑的；合理的；有根据的；确凿的
- 有些人指控中国滥用人工智能技术并侵犯个人隐私。此种指控有道理吗？
Some international perceptions about China’s AI development remain adversarial.
- 国际舆论 international perceptions
- adversarial adj. involving or characterized by conflict or opposition 有敌意的，敌对的，对抗的，对立的，冲突的
- 一些国际舆论仍然对中国的人工智能发展充满敌意。
This can be attributed to two main factors. First, recent disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic and shifts in US-China relations, have led to reduced exposure of individuals and the media in the West to China, resulting in limited understanding of its AI policies and practices, thus fostering misconceptions.
- be attributed to ~ sth to sth to say or believe that sth is the result of a particular thing 把 … 归因于；认为 … 是由于
- disruption n. A disruption is a major disturbance, something that changes your plans or interrupts some event or process 这里可以理解成负面影响
- exposure n. public attention [uncountable] the attention that someone or something gets from newspapers, television etc
- practice n. the actual application or use of an idea, belief, or method as opposed to theories about such application or use 实践; 实施, 实行; 应用（与理论相对）
- foster 也可以助长“不好的”东西
- 对此，刘冬梅书记表示，这有两方面的原因。一个是近年来受到疫情和美国对华政策的影响，许多西方国家的媒体和人员来中国少了，对中国的人工智能发展和相关政策缺乏了解，进而产生了误解
Second, certain Western media entities and individuals tend to be influenced by ideological biases, hindering impartial assessment.
- entity n. (formal) something that exists separately from other things and has its own identity 独立存在物；实体
- impartial adj. not supporting one person or group more than another 公正的；不偏不倚的；中立的
- 另一个就是不少西方媒体和人士习惯于意识形态挂帅（“戴着有色眼镜看人”，不能跳出自己认识上的偏见和误区），阻碍了公正的评价。
To address this, it’s crucial to patiently clarify China’s policy objectives and governance practices to the international community, particularly the Western media.
- policy objective 政治主张
- governance n. [U] (technical 术语)the activity of governing a country or controlling a company or an organization; the way in which a country is governed or a company or institution is controlled 统治；管理；治理；统治方式；管理方法
- 对待这个问题，我们既需要耐心地在国际上，特别是西方媒体上做好解释工作，让国际舆论更多地了解中国的政策主张和治理实践。
Moreover, fostering greater engagement and dialogue by inviting more representatives from the Western media and individuals to China can facilitate mutual understanding and trust-building with Chinese AI enterprises and regulatory bodies.
- regulatory adj. [usually before noun]having the power to control an area of business or industry and make sure that it is operating fairly （对工商业）具有监管权的，监管的
- regulatory body 管理部门 A regulatory agency (also regulatory authority, regulatory body or regulator) is a public authority or government agency responsible for exercising autonomous authority over some area of human activity in a regulatory or supervisory capacity. An independent regulatory agency is a regulatory agency that is independent from other branches or arms of the government.
- 同时，也需要鼓励和邀请更多西方媒体和人员到中国来多看看，与中国的人工智能企业、管理部门多些沟通交流，增进对彼此的了解和信任。
史上空前的，前所未有的，历史性的，足以载入史册的
）的直升机在西北部的东阿塞拜疆省发生硬着陆。