关于词典中的词义

对struggle一词的释义(例句略)

1)例句是有意义的,不能略。编词典的人不是白痴,花那么多功夫精挑细选很多例证,还占大量篇幅,然后被人“略”了,那么干嘛冲名头去用这些繁琐厚重的“圈内认可度最高的词典”?

字词的意义就是它的用法,是在(大量同类)例句里体现的,而干巴巴的简单释义只是参考;舍例句而取列举“词义”来理解可以说是本末倒置,逆练九阴真经。

2)此类“圈内认可度最高的词典”实际上并不高明,看一下正儿八经的英文词典ODE怎么释义的:

struggle/ˈstrʌgl/

VERB no obj.
1 make forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction斗争;抵抗;挣扎
before she could struggle, he lifted her up.她还没来得及反抗,他就把她抱了起来。
with infinitivehe struggled to break free.他挣扎着力图摆脱。
1.1 strive to achieve or attain something in the face of difficulty or resistance奋斗,努力
with infinitivemany families on income support have to struggle to make ends meet.许多靠工资收入维持生活的家庭必须量入为出才能勉强维持。
1.2 struggle with have difficulty handling or coping with疲于应付,艰难处理
passengers struggle with bags and briefcases.乘客吃力地拎着大包小包。
1.3 engage in conflict冲突,争斗
politicians continued to struggle over familiar issues.政客们继续就一些老问题争论不休。
1.4 no obj., with adverbial of directionmake one’s way with difficulty奋力前进,艰难行进
it took us all day to struggle back to our bivouac.我们花了一整天才艰难地回到露营地。
1.5 have difficulty in gaining recognition or a living挣扎成名;挣扎求生
new authors are struggling in the present climate.新作者在当今社会环境中挣扎着。

NOUN
1 a forceful or violent effort to get free of restraint or resist attack斗争;抵抗
1.1 a conflict or contest冲突;争夺
a power struggle for the leadership.领导地位的权力之争。
1.2 a great physical effort使劲
with a struggle, she pulled the pram up the slope.她费了很大劲把婴儿车拖上了斜坡。
1.3 a determined effort under difficulties努力,奋斗
the centre is the result of the scientists’ struggle to realize their dream.该中心是科学家为实现梦想而奋斗的结果。
1.4 a very difficult task难事
it was a struggle to make herself understood.使自己被人理解是她的一件难事。

Phrases
the struggle for existence (orlife)
the competition between organisms, especially as an element in natural selection, or between people seeking a livelihood生存竞争

Derivatives
struggler
noun

Origin
late Middle English: frequentative, perhaps of imitative origin. The noun dates from the late 17th cent.

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